What is a “Pen-type” 3D Force Sensor?

How is its handheld structure designed? What is the role of the three fibers arranged at 120-degree intervals?

The pen-type OFSCN® Fiber Bragg Grating 3D Force Sensor is designed to be handheld, with a default outer diameter of 4.0 mm.

The sensing unit, for both general and pen-type sensors, is comprised of a hard alloy substrate material and three fiber Bragg grating measuring sections. These three sections are arranged longitudinally at 120-degree intervals along the circumference of the hard alloy substrate. This arrangement allows the sensor to measure multi-directional forces on solid surfaces or multi-directional puncture forces in applications such as the medical industry.

Here is an image of the sensor:

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